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Chapter 18: Screening for Thyroid Cancer

Source: www.ahrq.gov
Topic: Thyroid
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Sort Desciption: 187 Burden of Suffering Thyroid cancer accounts for an estimated 14,000 new cancer cases and more than 1,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. 1 The annual incidence is about 4/100,000 ...

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187 Burden of Suffering Thyroid cancer accounts for an estimated 14,000 new cancer cases and more than 1,000 deaths in the U.S. each year.1The annual incidence is about 4/100,000 population.2Women account for 77% of new cases and 61% of deaths.1Current overall 5-year survival with treatment is 95% in whites and 90% in blacks,1but is much lower with some histologic types (e.g., medullary, anaplastic).3-5Among those at substantially increased risk for thyroid cancer are persons exposed to external upper body (especially head and neck) irradiation during infancy or childhood, and individuals with a family history of thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndrome.6-10The risk of radiation-induced thyroid nodu larity and cancer increases with radiation dose and decreases with increasing age at which irradiation occurred.7-12In several large cohort studies, the absolute excess risk of thyroid cancer associated with low-dose irradiation given before 18 years of age ranged from 0.3 to 12.5/10,000 person years per Gy (Gy = radiation dose).8-10Medullary thyroid cancer, which comprises about 10% of all thyroid malignancies, is inherited in one fourth of cases as part of the autosomal dominant MEN 2 syndrome.6,13 Accuracy of Screening Tests Common screening tests for thyroid cancer include neck palpation and ultrasonography ...

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