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Bladder Cancer

Source: www.cancer.ca
Topic: Bladder
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Sort Desciption: Bladder cancer starts in the cells of the bladder. The bladder is a muscular bag that stores urine and is found in the lower part of the abdomen. ...

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Bladder cancer starts in the cells of the bladder. The bladder is a muscular bag that stores urine and is found in the lower part of the abdomen. The bladder receives urine from the kidneys through two tubes (the ureters) and releases it from the body through a single tube (the urethra).

The inside of the bladder is lined with the transitional cells where most bladder cancers start. Some types of bladder cancer remain in the lining layer (superficial or papillary cancer), while other types grow deep into the bladder wall and are more difficult to treat (invasive cancer).

Your doctor may have suspected bladder cancer after talking with you about your health and completing a physical examination. Perhaps you had a test that showed blood in your urine. A number of special tests are usually necessary to confirm a bladder cancer diagnosis. They include:

Imaging studies
: X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans (computerized axial tomography), MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) and bone scans allow tissues, organs and bones to be examined in more detail. They may be uncomfortable but are usually painless. You may have a special x-ray of the bladder. With the help of injected dyes, an IVP (intravenous pyelogram) will show the outline of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.

Biopsy
: Usually necessary to make a definite diagnosis of cancer. Cells or tissues are removed from the body and checked under a microscope. If the cells are cancerous, they may be studied further to see how fast they are growing. There are many ways to do a biopsy. To diagnose bladder cancer, your doctor may use a special type of flexible telescope to see inside your bladder (cystoscopy). In some cases, photographs can be taken as well as a biopsy. A narrow tube containing the telescope is passed into the bladder through the urethra. Cystoscopy usually needs a mild anesthetic.

Testing will also identify the grade of the cancer cells. Low grade cells are slower to divide and the tumour is generally less aggressive. Higher grade cells divide more quickly and the tumour is more likely to spread. ...

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