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MALARIA AND HIV/AIDS INTERACTIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:

Source: www.who.int
Topic: Hiv/Aids
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Sort Desciption: Malaria and HIV are among the two most important global health problems of our time. Together, they cause more than four million deaths per year. ...

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Malaria and HIV are among the two most important global health problems of our time. Together, they cause more than four million deaths per year. Malaria accounts for more than a million deaths each year, of which about 90% occur in tropical Africa, where malaria is the leading cause of mortality in children below five years. Aside from young children, pregnant women are among the most affected by the disease. Constituting 10% of the overall disease burden, malaria places a substantial strain on health services and costs Africa about USD 12 billion in lost production each year. Sub-Saharan Africa is also home to more than 29 million people living with HIV/AIDS. In 2003 in Africa, AIDS claimed the lives of an estimated 2.4 million people and over 600 000 children were newly infected with the virus. HIV/AIDS increasingly accounts for a large proportion of mortality among children under five years in heavily affected countries. By taking its greatest toll on its young and most productive generation, HIV/AIDS hinders sustainable development in Africa. Malaria and HIV/AIDS are both diseases of poverty and causes of poverty and they share determinants of vulnerability. Given the wide geographic overlap in occurrence and the resulting co-infection, the interaction between the two diseases clearly has major public health implications (see Figure). RECENT STUDIES ILLUSTRATE IMPORTANT INTERACTIONS There is a growing body of knowledge on the interactions between HIV/AIDS and malaria. The consequences of such interactions are particularly serious for reproductive health (see Box 1). Co-infected pregnant women are at very high risk of anaemia and malarial infection of the placenta. As a result, a considerable proportion of children born to women with HIV and malaria infection have low birth weight and are more likely to die during infancy. It is unclear whether malaria during pregnancy increases the risk of mother-to-child ...

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